Question

Which one is not present in nephric filtrate?
A. Penicillin
B. Amino acid
C. Vitamin
D. None of these

Answer 1

Hint: The filtrate is the resulting liquid of the glomerular filtration, which is the initial step of the formation of urine. Filtrate signifies the fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney. Filtration takes place at the start of a nephron known as the Bowman’s capsule. Here, blood plasma filters into the Bowman’s capsule because of hydrostatic pressure generated among the efferent and afferent arteriole of the glomerulus.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Blood enters the glomerulus under pressure. This causes water, small particles (but not macromolecules such as proteins), and ions to filter through the capillary walls into the Bowman's capsule. This fluid is referred to as nephric filtrate. It is a non colloidal part and has salts, toxins, creatinine, creatine, uric acid, fatty acid, vitamins, amino acid, glucose, water, urea, etc. About 180 litres of nephric filtrate are generated by human beings in a single day. The filtrate is the liquid formed at the Bowman’s capsule in a process called filtration from the blood. Its composition is mainly similar to the composition of the blood plasma. But it does not comprise globular proteins commonly present in the plasma. Penicillin is a group of antibiotics. So it is not present in nephric filtrate.

Therefore the correct answer is option A.

Note: Generally, 20% of the total blood volume is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule whereas the remaining 80% volume flows back to the body. Additionally, 99% of the filtrate contains water. Also, it contains other tiny molecules which include amino acids, hormones, and nitrogenous wastes like urea, uric acid, and ammonia. Besides, it also contains electrolytes including chloride, potassium, sodium, and bicarbonate.