Question

What do you mean by naked DNA?

Answer 1

Hint: It is a purified sequence of DNA without protein. This type of DNA is used for vaccine manufacture and genetic transfers.

Complete answer:
- DNA is a molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all recognized species and several viruses.
- DNA and ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are nucleic acids. Next to the lipids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids are one of the four main categories of macromolecules that are important for all recognized life forms. The two DNA strands are termed as polynucleotides as they are made up of simpler monomeric units or nucleotides.
- Naked DNA refers to DNA that is not associated with lipids, proteins, or any other molecule to help protect it. Naked DNA is the result of release of genetic material into the surrounding environment, such as from bursting cells. Incoming DNA is often incorporated into the bacterial genome after absorption.
- Transformation is typically a laboratory process, but certain cells are evidently "competent" to pick up naked DNA. Cells may be rendered capable by treating with a range of chemicals. Transformation occurs under normal conditions in some bacteria.
- Gram-positive bacteria may establish natural skills in very dense communities. This competence is due to the action of pheromones, which are short peptides which act as chemical signals and move between species. Although the competence of pheromones is triggered only when cultures are very thick, this is likely to mean that the bacteria only suck up naked DNA from closely related animals.

Note: Naked DNA is a DNA free of histones. This DNA is passed from cell to cell during the process of gene transfer called transfection or transformation. Naked DNA is used for vaccine manufacture and genetic transfers.