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Hint:Pulse oximetry directly measures the blood oxygen saturation using colorimetric techniques. Carboxyhemoglobin which may be a very bright red in color.
Complete answer:
In order to answer this question, we need to have knowledge about the RBCs in detail.
Red blood cells (RBCs), also cited as haematodes, erythroid cells or erythrocytes are the foremost common sort of corpuscle and also the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to tissues—via blood flow through the cardiovascular system. RBCs take up oxygen within the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that may bind oxygen and is accountable for the red color of the cells and therefore the blood. The semipermeable membrane consists of proteins and lipids, and this structure provides properties essential for physiological cell function like deformability and stability while traversing the cardiovascular system and specifically the capillary network. In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible and oval biconcave disks. They lack a karyon and most organelles packed red blood cells (pRBC) are red blood cells that are donated, processed, and stored during a bank for introduction. The sole known vertebrates without red blood cells are the crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae).
Vertebrate red blood cells consist mainly of hemoglobin, containing heme groups whose iron atoms temporarily bind to oxygen molecules (O2) within the lungs or gills and release them throughout the body. Oxygen can easily diffuse through the red blood cell's plasma membrane. Hemoglobin within the red blood cells also carries a number of the waste matter CO2 back from the tissues; most waste carbonic acid gas, however, is transported back to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs as bicarbonate dissolved within the plasma. The color of red blood cells is because of the heme group of hemoglobin. The plasma alone is straw-colored, but the red blood cells change color reckoning on the state of the hemoglobin: when combined with oxygen the resulting oxyhemoglobin is scarlet, and when oxygen has been released the resulting deoxyhemoglobin is of a red burgundy color. However, blood can appear bluish when seen through the vessel wall and skin.
Microstructure
Nucleus: Red blood cells in mammals are anucleate when mature, the red blood cells of other vertebrates have nuclei; the sole known exceptions are salamanders of the Batrachoseps and fish of the genus Maurolicus. The elimination of the nucleus in vertebrate red blood cells has been offered as a proof for the following accumulation of non-coding DNA within the genome.
Membrane composition: Red blood cells are deformable, are able to adhere to other cells, and interface with immune cells. Their membrane plays many roles during this. These functions are highly addicted to the membrane composition. The red vegetative cell membrane consists of three layers: the glycocalyx on the outside, which is rich in carbohydrates; the lipid bilayer which contains many transmembrane proteins, a structural network of proteins located on the inner surface of the lipid bilayer.
Membrane lipids: The red corpuscle membrane comprises a typical lipid bilayer. The lipid composition is very important because it defines many physical properties like membrane permeability and fluidity. Additionally, the activity of the many membrane proteins is regulated by interactions with lipids within the bilayer.
Outer monolayer: Phosphatidylcholine (PC); Sphingomyelin (SM).
Inner monolayer: Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); Phosphoinositol (PI) (small amounts); Phosphatidylserine (PS)
Therefore, the answer is c, haemoglobin.
Note:
Blood diseases involving the red blood cells:
Anaemias diseases characterized by low oxygen transport capacity of the blood, thanks to low red cell count or some abnormality of the red blood cells or the hemoglobin. Iron deficiency anemia is the most typical anemia; it occurs when the dietary intake or absorption of iron is insufficient, and hemoglobin, which contains iron, can't be formed.
Thalassemia could be a hereditary disease that leads to the assembly of an abnormal ratio of hemoglobin subunits. Hereditary spherocytosis syndromes are a gaggle of inherited disorders characterized by defects within the red blood cell's plasma membrane, causing the cells to be small, sphere-shaped, and fragile rather than donut-shaped and versatile. Several other hereditary disorders of the red vegetative cell membrane are known.
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disorder wherein the body lacks factor, required to soak up cyanocobalamin from food. B vitamin is required for the assembly of hemoglobin. Aplastic anemia is caused by the shortcoming of the bone marrow to supply blood cells. Pure red cell aplasia is caused by the lack of the bone marrow to supply only red blood cells.
Complete answer:
In order to answer this question, we need to have knowledge about the RBCs in detail.
Red blood cells (RBCs), also cited as haematodes, erythroid cells or erythrocytes are the foremost common sort of corpuscle and also the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to tissues—via blood flow through the cardiovascular system. RBCs take up oxygen within the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that may bind oxygen and is accountable for the red color of the cells and therefore the blood. The semipermeable membrane consists of proteins and lipids, and this structure provides properties essential for physiological cell function like deformability and stability while traversing the cardiovascular system and specifically the capillary network. In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible and oval biconcave disks. They lack a karyon and most organelles packed red blood cells (pRBC) are red blood cells that are donated, processed, and stored during a bank for introduction. The sole known vertebrates without red blood cells are the crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae).
Vertebrate red blood cells consist mainly of hemoglobin, containing heme groups whose iron atoms temporarily bind to oxygen molecules (O2) within the lungs or gills and release them throughout the body. Oxygen can easily diffuse through the red blood cell's plasma membrane. Hemoglobin within the red blood cells also carries a number of the waste matter CO2 back from the tissues; most waste carbonic acid gas, however, is transported back to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs as bicarbonate dissolved within the plasma. The color of red blood cells is because of the heme group of hemoglobin. The plasma alone is straw-colored, but the red blood cells change color reckoning on the state of the hemoglobin: when combined with oxygen the resulting oxyhemoglobin is scarlet, and when oxygen has been released the resulting deoxyhemoglobin is of a red burgundy color. However, blood can appear bluish when seen through the vessel wall and skin.
Microstructure
Nucleus: Red blood cells in mammals are anucleate when mature, the red blood cells of other vertebrates have nuclei; the sole known exceptions are salamanders of the Batrachoseps and fish of the genus Maurolicus. The elimination of the nucleus in vertebrate red blood cells has been offered as a proof for the following accumulation of non-coding DNA within the genome.
Membrane composition: Red blood cells are deformable, are able to adhere to other cells, and interface with immune cells. Their membrane plays many roles during this. These functions are highly addicted to the membrane composition. The red vegetative cell membrane consists of three layers: the glycocalyx on the outside, which is rich in carbohydrates; the lipid bilayer which contains many transmembrane proteins, a structural network of proteins located on the inner surface of the lipid bilayer.
Membrane lipids: The red corpuscle membrane comprises a typical lipid bilayer. The lipid composition is very important because it defines many physical properties like membrane permeability and fluidity. Additionally, the activity of the many membrane proteins is regulated by interactions with lipids within the bilayer.
Outer monolayer: Phosphatidylcholine (PC); Sphingomyelin (SM).
Inner monolayer: Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); Phosphoinositol (PI) (small amounts); Phosphatidylserine (PS)
Therefore, the answer is c, haemoglobin.
Note:
Blood diseases involving the red blood cells:
Anaemias diseases characterized by low oxygen transport capacity of the blood, thanks to low red cell count or some abnormality of the red blood cells or the hemoglobin. Iron deficiency anemia is the most typical anemia; it occurs when the dietary intake or absorption of iron is insufficient, and hemoglobin, which contains iron, can't be formed.
Thalassemia could be a hereditary disease that leads to the assembly of an abnormal ratio of hemoglobin subunits. Hereditary spherocytosis syndromes are a gaggle of inherited disorders characterized by defects within the red blood cell's plasma membrane, causing the cells to be small, sphere-shaped, and fragile rather than donut-shaped and versatile. Several other hereditary disorders of the red vegetative cell membrane are known.
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disorder wherein the body lacks factor, required to soak up cyanocobalamin from food. B vitamin is required for the assembly of hemoglobin. Aplastic anemia is caused by the shortcoming of the bone marrow to supply blood cells. Pure red cell aplasia is caused by the lack of the bone marrow to supply only red blood cells.
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