Question

The process of urine formation in kidneys includes which one of the following?
A. Replication
B. Glomerular filtration
C. Respiration
D. Perspiration

Answer 1

Hint:-To maintain the proper functioning of a body, metabolic wastes must be excreted. In humans, this discharge of waste products in the form of urine is done by a pair of bean-shaped organs called kidneys. If a person’s kidneys no longer function properly, he/she will require dialysis to remove body waste.

Complete Answer:-Before a cell divides it has to make copies of its genetic material. This duplication of the genetic material is a complex process and is known as replication. The glomerulus is a part of the nephrons. The filtration that occurs here is the first step in making urine. This glomerulus sits within the glomerular capsule and is the first to filter blood. It does not allow blood cells to enter into the other parts of the nephron. The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the glomerulus and the efferent arteriole (smaller diameter) takes it away from it. The glomerular capillaries work like a fine sieve. All these features help filter blood. The capillary wall of the glomerulus is made up of three layers. Thereby, only allowing plasma proteins and fluids to enter the proximal convoluted tubule.
All living beings respire. It's a biochemical process that involves the breaking down of glucose to produce ATP molecules (a molecule that gives energy). These ATP molecules are utilized by cells to perform their day to day functions. Most mammals have sweat glands on their bodies to give out water in the form of vapor and some solutes (salt). This is known as perspiration. When temperatures rise, the organism perspires to cool off. The rate at which blood is filtered in the kidneys is called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This GFR is regulated by certain hormones and also by the kidney itself.

The correct answer is Option (B) - Glomerular filtration.

Note:- To find out if the kidney is functioning properly, the GRF is measured. The blood sample is tested to measure the creatinine level. Creatinine is a metabolic waste that has to be filtered out. The doctor will analyze the results from the test and take into consideration other factors such as age and sex to determine whether the person's kidneys are working well.