Question

The process of elongation in transcription requires:
A. Ca⁺⁺ or Mn⁺⁺
B. Na⁺ or Cl^-
C. Na⁺ or K⁺
D. Mn⁺⁺ or Mg⁺²

Answer 1

Hint: The process of creating an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence is known as transcription in the context of genomics. The DNA-encoded protein information for the gene is carried by this copy, known as messenger RNA (mRNA).
Complete step by step solution:
Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation and termination. As RNA polymerase works along DNA, a controlled process called transcription elongation creates an RNA chain that is complementary to the template strand.
Transcription initiation comes before transcription elongation, while transcription termination comes after it. The first nucleotides in the RNA chain are created during the transcription beginning phase. The RNAP holoenzyme binds to the DNA template to begin the multi-step process, which is completed when the core polymerase exits from the promoter after approximately the first nine nucleotides have been synthesized. Nucleotides are added to the mRNA strand during elongation. Amino acids are continuously added to the line during elongation, creating a lengthy chain that is joined by peptide bonds.
The ribosome is the point at which translation ceases, or ends. At termination, tRNAs stop bringing in amino acids and the polypeptide is released from the ribosome. Elongation starts after the initiation complex forms and the first three mRNA nucleotides are produced. RNA synthesis/Active site: Mg2+ is a significant ion in the RNA synthesis's active site. Two Mg2+ ions are present.
So, option (D) is correct.

Note:
Making RNA copies of specific genes so that the cell may utilize them for biochemistry is the goal of transcription. The goal of translation is to create proteins, which are essential for countless biological processes.