Question

The homologous genes are separated at
A) Anaphase 1
B) Pachytene
C) Diplotene
D) Anaphase 2

Answer 1

Hint: It is the third phase of the meiosis 1 which is followed by prophase 1 and metaphase 1. This stage is related to the movement of chromosomes to both poles of a meiotic cell through a microtubule network which is also called a spindle apparatus.

Complete Answer:
- Homologous chromosomes are very much important in the processes called meiosis and mitosis and they are allowed for the random segregation and recombination of genetic material from the father and mother into the new cells.
- In anaphase 1, the homologous genes are separated from each other of the meiosis 1. The homologs are joined by the enzyme separase which releases the cohesin that holds the homologous genes together due to which the chiasmata get released.
- Then the homologs move to the opposite poles of the cells This allows the chiasmata to release and the homologs to move to opposite poles of the cell.
- The homologous genes are now segregated randomly into the two new daughter cells and this will undergo meiosis 2 which produces four haploid daughter germ cells.

Thus, the correct answer is option A i.e., Anaphase 1.

Additional information:
Pachytene is the third stage of the prophase followed by zygotene. Pachytene is that stage when the fully formed synaptonemal complex exists. Diplotene comes after the pachytene stage and it is also known as the stage of meiotic prophase. In anaphase 2, separation of sister chromatids takes place towards the opposite pole of the cell.

Note: Anaphase 1 is the stage of the meiosis 1. Pachytene is the third stage of the prophase. Diplotene comes after pachytene and is also known as the stage of meiotic prophase. The separation of homologous genes takes place at the stage of anaphase 1 of the meiosis 1.