Question

The culture and fungal invader in the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming are
(a)Vibrio cholerae and Penicillium Roqueforti
(b)Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium notatum
(c)Escherichia coli and Penicillium chrysogenum
(d)Clostridium tetani and Penicillium chrysogenum

Answer 1

Hint: Bacteria with spherical or round structure come under coccus, plural form - cocci. The orientation of cocci can be string-like, pairs, and clusters depending on the way the cells attach during cell division. This grape-like aggregate of coccus bacteria is found in the environment and the nasal passages of normal individuals.

Complete answer:
To learn the function of lysozyme and its role in opposing the infection in the human body Alexander Fleming was using a bacteria.
Staphylococcus aureus was the bacterial culture that he was using.
Accidentally, a colony of Penicillium notatum started growing in Fleming's culture which inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus.
Penicillium notatum released some secretions which were called mold juice by Alexander Fleming which was later called as penicillin (named after the organism which produces it).

Additional Information:
 -Staphylococcus was named by a Scottish microbiologist called Alexander Ogston in the year 1880. Alexander Ogston was born in 1844 and died in 1929.
-Penicillin is one of the first isolated antibiotics and has been used widely in the medical sector. Howard Florey was the first scientist to purify penicillin and used it for therapeutics.
-The genus Staphylococcus includes 40 species, in which most of them do not have virulence characteristics and mostly a part of soil microbes. Most Staphylococcus species can grow fermentative, other than one species that grows oxidatively which is S.saprophyticus.
So, the correct answer is ‘Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium notatum’.

Note: -The Scottish microbiologist Alexander Fleming was born on August 06, 1881, and died on March 11, 1955.
-His major discoveries are penicillin and it's the antibiotic property and the studies on the action of Lysozyme enzyme.
-He won the Nobel Prize in 1945 along with Howard Florey for the discovery of antibiotics.