Question

The Constitution of India was amended in 1992 to make the third-tier democracy more effective. As a result, at least one-third of all positions in the local bodies are reserved for women. This is because _______________.
A. Women are good at managing resources
B. Women had inadequate representation in decision-making bodies
C. We have many powerful leaders
D. Women are obedient and would Constitutional provisions well

Answer 1

Hint: As of January 2020, there have been 104 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was initially endorsed in 1950. There are 3 types of amendments to the Constitution of India of which the second and third types of amendments are overseen by Article 368.

Complete answer:
The 74th constitutional amendment act authorized the setting up and transference of authorities to Urban local bodies (ULBs) or city governments as the lowest element of governance in cities and towns. This landmark ascendency of the Government of India in 1993 was constructed upon the postulate that all ‘power’ in a democracy lawfully goes to ‘the people’. Power was assigned to be given to the people through the resident figures (denoted to as municipalities), specifically Municipal Corporations, Councils and Nagar Panchayats, which would have legislatures that are chosen frequently and have a conclusive part in scheduling, establishment, and distribution of facilities. The major provisions were:
Urban local bodies are recognized as a municipal corporation, municipal council, and Nagar panchayat founded on the populace. The Nagar Panchayat is for conventional expenses, the municipal council or municipalities are for minor urban areas and municipal corporations are for bigger urban areas. It is established for a time period of 5 years. One-third reservation for women. These figures have been given the authority to legislate and contrivance arrangements for economic expansion and social justice. The legislature of a state can allocate exact taxes, duties, tolls, etc. for the functioning of urban local bodies.

Thus, option (B) is correct.

Note: This Act recommends institutional variations as well, with the set-up of Ward Committees, District Planning Committees, and Metropolitan Planning Committees to organize scheduling athwart jurisdictions, including the set-up of State Election Commissions and State Financial Commissions. Efficiently, this act bequeaths ULBs a part much bigger than just that of amenity benefactors that deliver water, waste supervision, electricity, and so on.