Question

How do you solve the system of equations $ - 3x - 4y = - 8$ and $2x + y = 12$?

Answer 1

Hint: First we have to make the first linear equation in Slope-intercept form and then calculate the value of $y$ for any two arbitrary values of $x$. Next make a table of these values of $x$ and $y$. Next plot the obtained points on the graph paper and draw a line passing through these points. Now repeat the process with the second equation and determine the solution of the given system of equations using the graph obtained.

Formula used:
Slope Intercept of a line:
The equation of a line with slope $m$ and making an intercept $c$ on $y$-axis is $y = mx + c$.

Complete step by step answer:
First, we have to make the first equation in Slope-intercept form. Thus, adding $2x$ to both sides of the equation.
$ \Rightarrow - 4y = - 8 + 3x$
Divide both sides of the equation by $ - 4$, we get
$ \Rightarrow y = 2 - \dfrac{3}{4}x$
Now, we have to calculate the value of $y$ for any two arbitrary value of $x$. Thus, finding the value of $y$ when $x = 0$ and $x = 4$.
When $x = 0$, $y = 2 - \dfrac{3}{4} \times 0 = 2$
When $x = 4$, $y = 2 - \dfrac{3}{4} \times 4 = - 1$
Now we have to make a table of these values of $x$ and $y$.

$x$	$0$	$4$
$y$	$2$	$ - 1$

Now we have to plot the points $A\left( {0,2} \right)$ and $B\left( {4, - 1} \right)$ on the graph paper and draw a line passing through $A$ and $B$, we obtain the graph of the equation $ - 3x - 4y = - 8$.

Now, we have to move $2x$to right side of the equation, $2x + y = 12$. Thus, subtracting $2x$ from both sides of the equation.
$ \Rightarrow y = 12 - 2x$
Now, we have to calculate the value of $y$ for any two arbitrary value of $x$. Thus, finding the value of $y$ when $x = 2$ and $x = 4$.
When $x = 2$, $y = 12 - 2\left( 2 \right) = 8$
When $x = 4$, $y = 12 - 2\left( 4 \right) = 4$
Now we have to make a table of these values of $x$ and $y$.

$x$	$2$	$4$
$y$	$8$	$4$

Now we have to plot the points $C\left( {2,8} \right)$ and $D\left( {4,4} \right)$ on the graph paper and draw a line passing through $C$ and $D$, we get the graph of equation $2x + y = 12$.

Clearly, two lines intersect at point $P\left( {8, - 4} \right)$.

Hence, the solution of the given system of equations is $x = 8$, $y = - 4$.

Note: We can directly find the solution of a given system by Method of Elimination.
Method of Elimination:
In this method, we eliminate one of the two variables to obtain an equation in one variable which can be easily solved. Putting the value of this variable in any one of the given equations, the value of another variable can be obtained.
Step by step solution:
The given system of equations is
$ - 3x - 4y = - 8$…(i)
$2x + y = 12$…(ii)
We can eliminate the $y$ variable by multiplying the second equation by $4$ and then adding the two equations.
Multiply both sides of equation (ii) by $4$, we get
$ \Rightarrow 8x + 4y = 48$…(iii)
Now, add equations (ii) and (iii), we get
$ \Rightarrow 5x = 40$
Now, divide both sides of the equation by $5$.
$ \Rightarrow x = 8$
Now, substitute the value of $x$ in equation (ii) and find the value of $y$.
$ \Rightarrow 2\left( 8 \right) + y = 12$
$ \Rightarrow y = - 4$
Final solution: Hence, the solution of the given system of equations is $x = 8$, $y = - 4$