Question

Scientists have identified about 1.4 million single nucleotide polymorphism in the human genome. How is the information of their existence going to help the scientists?

Answer 1

Hint: The genome is a complete collection of chromosomes in which each gene and chromosome is interpreted as a gamete alone. The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a joint international research programme that aimed to fully map and comprehend all human genes.

Complete answer:
In 1990, in partnership with the Department of Energy, the Human Genome Project was initiated by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in the United States.

The aim was to establish the nucleotide sequence in the human genome as a whole. Genome sequencing can be used to classify and remove disease-causing genes, to add new genes that code for the desired protein and to manipulate polymorphism to compare two individuals' DNA samples. A more accurate map will also help researchers study complex human diseases and characteristics that include several genes, such as cancer, heart disease, and personality.

Genome maps are helpful in the day-to-day operations of molecular biology laboratories, in addition to aiding in the hunt for genes. SNPs are single nucleotide polymorphisms that occur in human DNA at around \[1.4\] million sites. Information on the incidence of \[1.4\] million SNPs of single nucleotide polymorphism revolutionises the processes of identifying chromosome positions for disease-related sequences and mapping the history of human origins. It was historically known to have 80,000 to 100,000 genes in it. The number of human genes is around the same as that of a rodent. Nine-tenths of the genes are similar to mouse genes. We have more than twice the number of genes that are fruitful (Drosophila melanogaster) and six times the number of genes in Escherichia coli.

Note: The human genome has 3.1647 billion base pairs of nucleotides. 3000 base pairs are the typical gene size. The largest gene on the X chromosome is that of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. It has 2.4 million base pairs (2400 kilos). The genes for B-globin and insulin are smaller than 10 kilobases. The human genome is made up of 30,000 or so genes.