Question

Robert Brown discovered the a) ……….. in the year b) ………..

Answer 1

Hint: He was a Scottish botanist and paleobotanist, he played a vital contribution to botany largely by his pioneering utilization of the microscope. He was the first to recognize the elemental difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms; and a few of the earliest studies in palynology.

Complete answer:
Robert Brown in 1831 discovered the nucleus. The nucleus is a double-membraned organelle that includes the genetic material and other instructions needed for cellular processes. It is exclusively found in eukaryotic cells and is additionally one of the most important organelles. Robert Brown was observing orchids below the microscope at that moment he notice an opaque area, which he termed as the "areola" or "nucleus", within the cells of the flower's outer layer. He didn't suggest a possible function.
The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's DNA, surrounded by a network of fibrous intermediate filaments and enveloped during a double membrane called the "nuclear envelope". The nuclear envelope separates the fluid inside the nucleus, called the nucleoplasm, from the remainder of the cell.
The nucleus has primary functions are-
-It is liable for storing the cell’s hereditary material or DNA.
-The nucleus has been clearly described as a membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of a cell.
-It is liable for coordinating many of the important cellular activities like protein synthesis, cellular division, growth, and a number of other important functions.

So, the correct answer is ‘a) Nucleus and b) 1831’.

Note:
The dimensions of the nucleus depend on the dimensions of the cell it's contained in, with a nucleus typically occupying about 8 percent of the entire cell volume. The nucleus is the largest organelle in animal cells. In mammalian cells, the typical diameter of the nucleus is approximately 6 micrometers (µm). Secondly, the nucleus is the site of transcription. Transcription creates different types of RNA from DNA. Transcription would be tons like creating copies of individual pages of the human body’s instructions which can be removed and skimmed by the remainder of the cell.