Question

Ribose is a
(a)Monosaccharide
(b)Disaccharide
(c)Polysaccharide
(d)Heteropolymer

Answer 1

Hint: Ribose is a class of sugar molecules that cannot be hydrolyzed further. The examples of other sugars that cannot be further hydrolyzed are glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Complete answer:
Ribose is a monosaccharide. Ribose is a simple carbohydrate and sugar with molecular formula ${ C }_{ 5 }{ H }_{ 10 }{ O }_{ 5 }$. The d-ribose is the naturally occurring type and is a component of the ribonucleotides from which RNA is constructed, and thus this compound is important for gene regulation, coding, decoding, and expression. It has a deoxyribose structural counterpart which is a similarly important part of DNA. L-Ribose is unnatural sugar, first prepared in 1891 by Emil Fischer and Oscar Piloty.
ATP is derived from ribose, it contains one ribose, three phosphate groups, and a base of adenine. ATP is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ATP with one less group of phosphates) during cellular respiration.

Additional Information: Due to its role in intracellular energy transfers, ribose is referred to as the ‘molecular currency’. For example, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) all contain d-ribofuranose moiety. They can each be derived from d-ribose after it has been converted by the enzyme ribokinase to d-ribose 5-phosphate. NAD, FAD, and NADP serve as electron acceptors for biochemical redox reactions in major metabolic pathways including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, fermentation, and the chain for electron transport.
The backbone of all the RNA is ribose sugar.
So, the correct answer is, ‘Monosaccharide’.

Note: D-ribose was recommended for use in congestive heart failure treatment and for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The d-ribose supply in the mitochondria is directly associated with the production of ATP; reduced d-ribose supply decreases the amount of ATP being produced. Studies suggest that the addition of d-ribose following tissue ischemia increases the production of myocardial ATP, and hence mitochondrial function.