Question

Phagocytosis was first of all seen by
(a) Huxley
(b) Haeckel
(c) Metchnikoff
(d) Strasburger

Answer 1

Hint: He was a Russian zoologist who was of the origin of Moldavian and Ukrainian Jewish. He was mainly known for his pioneering research in immunology. His discovery in immunology has become the major defense mechanism in innate immunity.

Complete answer:
Phagocytosis was first of all seen by Elie Metchnikoff. The phagocytosis was first reported by the Canadian physician William Oster, but Elie Metchnikoff studied it in detail in the year 1882. According to Metchnikoff, in the immune system of a multicellular organism, phagocytosis is a significant mechanism used to kill pathogens and cell debris. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in the field of Physiology or Medicine.

Additional Information:
-The dendritic cells often present in the tissues, ingest pathogens through the process of phagocytosis.
-The ingested material in the phagosome is then digested. All examples of entities that could be phagocytized are bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles.
-While most cells are capable of phagocytosis, it is carried out as part of their main function by certain cell types.
-Phagocytosis is used by some protozoa as a way to acquire nutrients.
-One of the basic mechanisms of innate immune response is phagocytosis. It is one of the first infection-responsive systems and is also one of the initiating steps of an adaptive immune reaction.
-In evolutionary terms, phagocytosis is old and is present even in invertebrates.
-Neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and eosinophils are identified as professional phagocytes.
-The first three have the greatest role in the immune response to most infections.

So, the correct answer is ‘Metchnikoff’.

Note:
-Phagocytosis alludes to the instrument by which a strong molecule is inundated by a cell or a phagocyte and an interior vesicle called a phagosome is made to get benefit from it.
-The role of neutrophils is to control the bloodstream and rapid movement to the tissues in large numbers only in the event of infection. Following ingestion, neutrophils are involved in killing pathogens intracellularly.