Question

Momentum measures the amount of
A. Inertia in a body
B. Acceleration of a body
C. Velocity of a body
D. Motion of a body

Answer 1

Hint: Three laws which were proposed by newton are used everywhere. These are the basics for the problems which deal with forces. First law tells us about inertia while second law tells us about the force and third law tells us about the action and reaction pair. We use one of these laws to explain this.

Formula used:
$\eqalign{
  & p = mv \cr
  & {F_{ext}} = \dfrac{{dp}}{{dt}} \cr} $

Complete answer:
Momentum is given as a product of mass and velocity. It is given by the below formula
$p = mv$
Where ‘m’ is the mass and ‘v’ is the velocity and ‘p’ is momentum.
According to Newton's second law for a particular system rate of change of momentum will be equal to the external force acting on the system. It will be given by the formula
${F_{ext}} = \dfrac{{dp}}{{dt}}$
Where ‘p’ is momentum and ‘t’ is time. If there is no external force then momentum of the system remains unchanged.
So from the above statements it is clear that momentum is always dealing with the state of the body, i.e whether it is at rest or it is in motion. If external force is zero momentum will be constant, i.e if it is under motion initially it will continue with same velocity and if it is at rest initially, it will continue to be at rest.
Mass is measurement of inertia but momentum is measurement of motion.

Hence option D is correct.

Note:
If velocity is zero then momentum will be zero. From Newton's second law, one thing became clear that momentum doesn’t give acceleration of the body, but the rate of change of momentum does. If we need to get the quantity of motion then we will multiply the amount of mass moving with the velocity of that mass which is called momentum.