Question

Mention three types of emergencies which the constitution makes provision for.

Answer 1

Hint:The president of India has been empowered by the power of declaring certain emergencies when needed.These emergencies are covered under article 352, article 356 and Article 360 of the constitution of India.

Complete answer:
There are three types of emergencies that the President of India can declare
1.National emergency
2.Constitutional emergency
3.Financial emergency

1.National emergency: This emergency is mentioned under article 352 of the constitution of India. When there is a threat or danger to the security of India due to some war, rebellion or disturbance internally and from external aggression, the president has the authority to declare national emergency in these situations.

2.Constitutional emergency: when a governor or some other agency of the state reports about the failure of the constitutional machinery in the state, a constitutional emergency is declared in the state by the president. This emergency comes under article 357 of the constitution of India. Both the houses of the parliament should approve the emergency within two months of the declaration of the emergency otherwise it is revoked. According to the 44th amendment act of the constitution, this emergency is valid for one year if it is renewed after 6 months. Under some special circumstances this emergency can even extend up to 3 years.

3.Financial emergency: This emergency is mentioned in Article 360 of the Indian constitution. When a certain situation arises that threatens the financial state of the country, financial emergency can be declared by the president of India. The approval of the parliament is to be sought within 2 months for which proclamation is valid.

Note:The national emergency in India has been declared thrice by the president and constitutional emergency in various States has been declared more than hundred times till date. Financial emergencies have never been declared in India as of now.