Question

Match column-I with column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below:

	Column I		Column II
A.	Autosomal recessive trait	I.	Down’s syndrome
B.	Sex-linked recessive trait	II.	Phenylketonuria
C.	Metabolic error linked to Autosomal Recessive trait	III.	Haemophilia
D.	Additional 21st chromosome	IV.	Sickle cell anaemia

(A) A-II; B-I; C-IV; D-III
(B) A-IV; B-I; C-II; D-III
(C) A-IV; B-III; C-II; D-I
(D) A-III; B-IV; C-I; D-II

Answer 1

Hint: Down’s syndrome is due to failure of segregation of 21st chromosome, haemophilia is a sex linked disease, sickle cell anaemia is due to autosomal recessive trait, phenylketonuria is metabolic error of autosomal recessive trait.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
When faulty cell division results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21 being produced, Down's syndrome is a genetic condition. Intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and a distinctive facial appearance are all effects of down's syndrome. It might be linked to thyroid or cardiac conditions. The genetic disease known as Down syndrome is brought on by incorrect cell division, which leads in the production of a second complete or partial copy of chromosome 21.

A rare genetic condition known as phenylketonuria, or PKU, causes the body to accumulate phenylalanine, an amino acid. In PKU, the gene for phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is mutated. This gene contributes to the production of the enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine. Through routine newborn screening, phenylketonuria (PKU), a metabolic inborn abnormality, can be identified in the first few days of life. Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), an enzyme that breaks down the amino acid phenylalanine, is absent or deficient in PKU patients.
Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder, meaning that the X chromosome is the only place where it is present. The pairing of two sex chromosomes (X and Y) acquired from one's parents determines the sex binary of an individual (male or female).
Since both copies of the gene in each cell carry mutations, Sickel cell anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Each parent of a person with an autosomal recessive condition carries one copy of the defective gene, even though typically neither parent displays the disease's symptoms.

So, option (C) is correct.



Note: Typically, only some generations of a family are affected by autosomal recessive diseases. X-linked dominant illnesses are caused by gene mutations on the X chromosome. The disorder in males is brought on by a change in the single copy of the gene that exists in each cell (who have only one X chromosome).