Question

“man’s life was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”. Who holds such views about the nature of the state?
(A) Locke
(B) Hobbes
(C) Rousseau
(D) T.H.Green

Answer 1

Hint: Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), published in 1651 (Latin revision in 1668). Its name comes from the Leviathan of the Bible. This work is related to the structure of society and legal government, and is considered to be one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory.

Complete solution:
leviathan was written during the English Civil War (1642-1651) and advocated the establishment of a social contract and rule by absolute sovereignty. Hobbes wrote that only a strong, undivided government can avoid the cruel situation of civil war and the state of nature ("war for all"). Hobbes started his dissertation on politics from the perspective of human nature. He showed an image of a person in the movement, trying to show through examples how to explain everything about human beings in a materialistic way, that is, without relying on intangible, non-material souls or faculty to understand the external thoughts of human thought.
Hobbes expressed his views in "Leviathan" (1660): "Man's life was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." Hobbes inferred that people are naturally selfish and evil. Cannot be trusted. Therefore, the primitive or "natural" state of mankind is violent and cruel. Therefore, powerful autocratic governments (monarchies) must control them.

Thus the option (B) is correct

Note: Hobbes describes human psychology without referring to the summum bonum or the best good, as was done in earlier thinking. The Summum Bonum concept is not only exaggerated, but given the variability of human desires, there could be no such thing.