Question

What is the main cause of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

Answer 1

Hint: Diabetes mellitus is mainly the another name for diabetes whereas diabetes insipidus is a rare case. Both the diabetes is caused due to the abnormality in the hormones. Diabetes mellitus is the abnormal level of glucose in blood. D insipidus is also known as water diabetes which is increased production of urine.

Complete answer:
Diabetes is a disease that happens when our body isn't able to take up sugar, which is required for energy. This causes extra sugar in our bloodstream.

i) Diabetes mellitus is also called diabetes. Intake of carbohydrates in our body turns up sugar into glucose and sends that into your bloodstream. Your pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that helps in regulation of glucose in your bloodstream for regulation of energy. If we have diabetes, one cannot be able to use insulin causing too much glucose in the blood, a condition usually called high blood sugar.

CAUSE- The cause of diabetes is having too much glucose circulation in your bloodstream. The glucose level increases due to several reasons:
- Our body attacks and destroys insulin producing cells in your pancreas.
- Our body cells do not allow insulin to work as it should to let glucose into the cells.
- Hormones released during pregnancy make body cells resistant to insulin.

ii) Diabetes insipidus is a distinct and a rare condition in which there is a problem with the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and it causes your kidney to produce large amounts of urine. There is a high amount of urine secretion in these patients that is diluted because of this inability to control the amount of water in the form of urine.

CAUSE- It is caused by a chemical called vasopressin (AVP) which is also called an antidiuretic hormone. It is produced by hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland until needed. AVP regulates the level of water in your body by controlling the amount of urine your kidney produces. When the level of water decreases, the pituitary gland releases this AVP that helps in conservation of water and stops the production of urine. But in this problem, AVP fails to regulate the water level of the body, thus causing much urine to pass through the body.

Note: Diabetes was one of the first diseases that was inscripted in the manuscripts of Egyptian mentioning "too great emptying of the urine". The first described case is believed to be type 1 diabetes. Diabetes is also caused by lifestyle changes which lead to obesity. Diabetes is directly linked to high cholesterol, heart diseases and also kidney disorders.