Question

List the four intermolecular forces?

Answer 1

Hint: We must have to know that the intermolecular forces are present between the molecules and it may be forces of attraction or forces of repulsion. And it will affect between the atoms and neighboring particles. For example, ions or atoms. In the case of hydrochloric acid, the intermolecular forces of attraction are present between the two hydrogen and chlorine molecules. And in the case of intramolecular attraction, the attraction is present in the molecule.

Complete answer:
We have to know that the intermolecular forces of attraction are mainly divided into four types and that is, Van der Waals dispersion forces, Van der Waals dipole – dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and ionic bonds. And all have different appearances. Let’s discuss about each intermolecular forces,
i) Ionic bond: The ionic bond is a type of chemical bond and there is an electrostatic attraction present between two oppositely charged ions or it is present between two atoms having entirely different electronegativity values. And in ionic compounds there is a primary interaction present. And these compounds have different properties like, they have high boiling point and melting point, they have high enthalpies of fusion, and the compounds can form crystals etc.
ii) Hydrogen bonding: The hydrogen bond is an electrostatic force of attraction and it is present between hydrogen atoms which are bonded with a more electronegative group or atom. And the hydrogen bonds are mainly of two types, intermolecular H- bonding and intramolecular H- bonding.
(iii) Van der Waals dipole – dipole interactions: It is a weak force of attraction which is present between the molecules having dipoles. A permanent dipole – dipole interaction is present between the polar molecules. And these polar molecules have one positive end and one negative end.
(iv) Van der Waals dispersion forces: This is also the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction and these are present between all the molecules with nonpolar molecules or polar molecules.

Note:
We need to know that the intermolecular forces are mainly four types. In that, the ionic bond is stronger than others due to the presence of static electrode attraction. And in the case of the hydrogen bond, it is the strongest bond, because it has only one electron. Therefore, there is a strong attraction between strong atoms and weak atoms. And a high amount of energy is required to break that bond.