Question

Insulin increases glucose uptake in all of the following structures, except
A. Cardiac muscle
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Adipose tissue
D. Intestinal mucosa

Answer 1

Hint: Insulin is a type of peptide hormone which is produced by beta cells in the pancreatic islets. It is the main anabolic hormone in the human body. It is used in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins by increasing glucose absorption from the blood.

Complete answer:
> Glucose uptake is increased by insulin which occurs through GLUT4 glucose transporters. During this process, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue are involved in insulin-stimulated translocation.
> In skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, insulin is used in promoting membrane trafficking of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from its storage vesicles to the plasma membrane, which further aids in facilitating the uptake of glucose from the blood circulation.
> Insulin is not required for some tissues for efficient uptake of glucose. Example - brain, liver, and intestinal mucosa.
> Nutrient Absorption takes place in the Intestinal mucosa which is an insulin-independent procedure.

So, Option (D) is the correct option.

Note:
Diabetes mellitus, a condition of high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) is caused due to decrease or no production of insulin. They are further divided into two types of diabetes i.e
> Type 1 diabetes mellitus - The beta cells are destroyed by an autoimmune reaction resulting in no insulin production or secretion into the blood.
> Type 2 diabetes mellitus -A resistance is developed against less insulin being produced in the body.
Classic Symptoms include polyuria (increase urination), polydipsia (increase thirst), and polyphagia (increase hunger).