Question

In groups on the periodic table, how do you know the charges of the elements in that group?

Answer 1

Hint: The charge on the elements can be decided on the number of valence electrons in the atom. There are various shells in the atoms which are denoted by K, L, M, N, etc. According to the number of electrons in the atoms are arranged in the shells and the last shell of the atom is the valence shell and the electrons in that shell are valence electrons.

Complete step by step answer:
The periodic table is the arrangement of elements according to their increasing number of electrons and these electrons are filled in the orbits according to their increasing energies. There are various shells in the atoms which are denoted by K, L, M, N, etc, which represents the specific energy of the shell. The shell K represents 1, the shell L represents 2, the shell M represents 3, the shell N represents 4. Each shell has specific sub-shells which are s, p, d, f, etc.
According to the number of electrons in the atoms are arranged in the shells and the last shell of the atom is the valence shell and the electrons in that shell are valence electrons and these valence electrons are responsible for the bond formation.
So, these valence electrons decide the charge on the element. The group 1 elements have one valence electron in its valence shell, by losing this electron they acquire +1 charge. Group 2 elements have two electrons in their valence shell, by losing these electrons they acquire +2 charge.
The charge first increases till the number of valence electrons is 4 and then the charge decreases till the noble gas group.

Note: The charge on the d-block elements decided by the valence electrons which involves the electrons in the outermost d-shell and the outermost s-shell. The charge of d-block elements and f-block elements increases till +7.