Question

In an epileptic patient, the doctor administers a GABA facilitatory drug. After considerable time fits are absent in the patient. What would be the probable mechanism of the drug?
(a)It causes blocking of neurotransmitter at the synapse and forms a complex
(b)It desensitizes postsynaptic membrane for neurotransmitter
(c)It inhibits ${ Na }^{ + }$ -${ K }^{ + }$ ATPase pump
(d)It causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane and generates IPSP

Answer 1

Hint: Gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA is an amino acid that acts as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter for the CNS and functions to reduce neuronal excitability. The GABAergic neurons are situated when the thalamus, hippocampus, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and brainstem.

Complete answer:
The GABA facilitatory drug causes the blocking of neurotransmitters at synapses and forms a complex.
The GABA receptors respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA which is the chief inhibitor in the mature vertebral CNS. The GABA receptor agonist drug typically produces sedative effects and other effects like anxiolytic, anticonvulsants, and muscle relaxation.

Additional Information: The GABA receptor agonist drug is a chemical that binds to the GABA receptor and activates the receptors to produce sedative effects and other effects such as anxiolytic, muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant, etc. There are three receptors in GABA- two of them $GABA-\alpha $ and $GABA-\rho $ are permeable to chloride ions that reduce neuronal excitability whereas, the third one $GABA-\beta $ is a G-proteins coupled receptor that inhibits adenylyl cyclase and leads to a decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).$GABA-\alpha $ and $GABA-\rho $ produce sedative effect, hypnotic effects, and anti compulsive response whereas, $GABA-\beta $ also produce sedative effects. They further lead to change in genetic transcription.
So, the correct answer is "It causes blocking of neurotransmitters at the synapse and forms a complex".

Note: The GABA agonist drug has great significance in the clinical field. Many psychiatric diseases are linked to a low level of GABA such as generalized anxiety. The low concentration of GABA is also associated with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and major depressive disorder. Seizures and epilepsy are also associated with this as seizure activity is caused by a decrease in inhibition in the cerebral cortex. Although GABA receptor agonist is effective in these cases, due to high addiction potential and potentially fatal adverse effect, the GABA agonist is not used as the first-line treatment.