Question

In a covalent bond formation:
A. Transfer of electrons takes place
B. Equal sharing of electrons between two atom takes place
C. Electrons are shared by atom only
D. Electrons are donated by one atom and shared by both atoms

Answer 1

Hint: To solve this question, we should know that atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. Atoms fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.

Complete step-by-step answer:
We should know that covalent bond formation occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outermost (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.
We should note that when two atoms of the same element form a covalent bond, equal electrons are shared between them. When atoms of different elements share electrons through covalent bonding, the electron will be drawn more toward the atom with the higher electronegativity resulting in a polar covalent bond.
So, now we will understand covalent bond formation by octet rule. We should know that octet Rule requires all atoms in a molecule to have 8 valence electrons, either by sharing, losing or gaining electrons to become stable. For Covalent bonds, atoms tend to share their electrons with each other to satisfy the Octet Rule. It requires 8 electrons because that is the amount of electrons needed to fill S- and P orbital (electron configuration); also known as a noble gas configuration.
So, till now we discussed all aspects related to covalent bonds. From the above discussion we now know that covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. So, the answer to this question is option C. Equal sharing of electrons takes place between two atoms of the same or different element for the formation of covalent bonds.

Note: Now, we should note that covalent bonds are directional, meaning that atoms so bonded prefer specific orientations relative to one another; this in turn gives molecules definite shapes, as in the angular (bent) structure of the \[{{H}_{2}}O\] molecule. Covalent bonds between identical atoms (as in\[{{H}_{2}}\]) are nonpolar that is electrically uniform, while we should know that bond between unlike atoms are polar that one atom is slightly negatively charged and the other is slightly positively charged. This partial ionic character of covalent bonds increases with the difference in the electronegativity of the two atoms.