Answer
Verified
397.5k+ views
Hint:
(1) For monohydric alcohols, i.e., alcohols containing only one hydroxyl group, there are many preparation methods. One of the most generally used methods is by heating haloalkanes or alkyl halides with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The alkyl halides then undergo hydrolysis to produce alcohols. Another way is to heat the alkyl halides with moist silver oxide.
(2) Dehydration of alkyl halides by alcoholic alkalies give alkenes.
Complete step by step answer:
The given reaction is ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{Cl}}\xrightarrow{{\text{A}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{OH}}\xleftarrow{{\text{B}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{Cl}}{\text{.}}$
We need to identify A and B, i.e., the reagents used for converting ethyl chloride to ethyl alcohol.
Ethyl chloride is an alkyl halide and ethyl alcohol is a monohydric alcohol.
So, when ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous potassium hydroxide, we will get ethyl alcohol.
Also, if ethyl chloride is treated with moist silver oxide which is ${\text{AgOH}}$ , we will again get ethyl alcohol.
So, A is aq. ${\text{KOH}}$ and B is ${\text{AgOH}}$ .
So, option A is correct.
-When alkyl halide is heated with a concentrated alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide, a molecule of hydrogen halide will be eliminated and an alkene is produced. The hydrogen of the alkyl halide that gets eliminated comes from the carbon atom next to that which carries the halogen, i.e., the ${\text{beta }}$ -carbon and the halogen is eliminated from the carbon atom carrying the halogen, i.e., the ${\text{alpha }}$ -carbon. Therefore, from ethyl chloride, ethene will be formed.
-On treating aqueous sodium hydroxide, it will give ethyl alcohol just like aqueous potassium hydroxide. But, since one of the reagents which is alcoholic potassium hydroxide does not give alcohol, so option B is wrong.
-One of the reagents in the third option is ${\text{AgN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ , i.e., silver nitrite. When aqueous ethanolic solution of haloalkanes are treated with ${\text{AgN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ , nitroalkanes are formed. So, treatment of ethyl chloride with silver nitrite will give nitroethane. So, option C is also not correct.
-One of the reagents in the fourth option is ${\text{KN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ , i.e., potassium nitrite. Haloalkanes when treated with potassium nitrite, alkyl nitrites are formed. So, treatment of ethyl chloride with potassium nitrite will give ethyl nitrite. So, option D is wrong.
Note:
There are several other methods for preparation of alcohol. Few of them are by reduction of carboxylic acids and esters, from Grignard reagents, by reduction of aldehydes and ketones and by hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes.
(1) For monohydric alcohols, i.e., alcohols containing only one hydroxyl group, there are many preparation methods. One of the most generally used methods is by heating haloalkanes or alkyl halides with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The alkyl halides then undergo hydrolysis to produce alcohols. Another way is to heat the alkyl halides with moist silver oxide.
(2) Dehydration of alkyl halides by alcoholic alkalies give alkenes.
Complete step by step answer:
The given reaction is ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{Cl}}\xrightarrow{{\text{A}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{OH}}\xleftarrow{{\text{B}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{Cl}}{\text{.}}$
We need to identify A and B, i.e., the reagents used for converting ethyl chloride to ethyl alcohol.
Ethyl chloride is an alkyl halide and ethyl alcohol is a monohydric alcohol.
So, when ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous potassium hydroxide, we will get ethyl alcohol.
Also, if ethyl chloride is treated with moist silver oxide which is ${\text{AgOH}}$ , we will again get ethyl alcohol.
So, A is aq. ${\text{KOH}}$ and B is ${\text{AgOH}}$ .
So, option A is correct.
-When alkyl halide is heated with a concentrated alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide, a molecule of hydrogen halide will be eliminated and an alkene is produced. The hydrogen of the alkyl halide that gets eliminated comes from the carbon atom next to that which carries the halogen, i.e., the ${\text{beta }}$ -carbon and the halogen is eliminated from the carbon atom carrying the halogen, i.e., the ${\text{alpha }}$ -carbon. Therefore, from ethyl chloride, ethene will be formed.
-On treating aqueous sodium hydroxide, it will give ethyl alcohol just like aqueous potassium hydroxide. But, since one of the reagents which is alcoholic potassium hydroxide does not give alcohol, so option B is wrong.
-One of the reagents in the third option is ${\text{AgN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ , i.e., silver nitrite. When aqueous ethanolic solution of haloalkanes are treated with ${\text{AgN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ , nitroalkanes are formed. So, treatment of ethyl chloride with silver nitrite will give nitroethane. So, option C is also not correct.
-One of the reagents in the fourth option is ${\text{KN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ , i.e., potassium nitrite. Haloalkanes when treated with potassium nitrite, alkyl nitrites are formed. So, treatment of ethyl chloride with potassium nitrite will give ethyl nitrite. So, option D is wrong.
Note:
There are several other methods for preparation of alcohol. Few of them are by reduction of carboxylic acids and esters, from Grignard reagents, by reduction of aldehydes and ketones and by hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes.
Recently Updated Pages
Basicity of sulphurous acid and sulphuric acid are
Three beakers labelled as A B and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken A small amount of NaOH anhydrous CuSO4 and NaCl were added to the beakers A B and C respectively It was observed that there was an increase in the temperature of the solutions contained in beakers A and B whereas in case of beaker C the temperature of the solution falls Which one of the following statements isarecorrect i In beakers A and B exothermic process has occurred ii In beakers A and B endothermic process has occurred iii In beaker C exothermic process has occurred iv In beaker C endothermic process has occurred
What is the stopping potential when the metal with class 12 physics JEE_Main
The momentum of a photon is 2 times 10 16gm cmsec Its class 12 physics JEE_Main
How do you arrange NH4 + BF3 H2O C2H2 in increasing class 11 chemistry CBSE
Is H mCT and q mCT the same thing If so which is more class 11 chemistry CBSE
Trending doubts
Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic class 11 biology CBSE
What is BLO What is the full form of BLO class 8 social science CBSE
Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative class 10 english CBSE
Fill the blanks with the suitable prepositions 1 The class 9 english CBSE
The cell wall of prokaryotes are made up of a Cellulose class 9 biology CBSE
What organs are located on the left side of your body class 11 biology CBSE
Select the word that is correctly spelled a Twelveth class 10 english CBSE
a Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of class 12 chemistry CBSE