Question

i. Why is well irrigation still a popular means of irrigation? Give two reasons to support your answer.
ii. State the significance of rain water harvesting.

Answer 1

Hint: Water from wells is still a very popular method for irrigation of crops and is preferred by farmers. Since farming is the main occupation of most of the population of India, a Suitable method of irrigation is very important for proper growth of the plants. Rainwater harvesting is an important aspect of long-term development. It focuses on storing water that falls as rain and saving it for future use. Many buildings and houses have installed rain water harvesting plants on their rooftops to harvest the rainwater and preserve it for use at times of emergency.

Complete answer:
i. Wells are still a popular means of irrigation because of the following reasons:
The cost of construction of surface wells is very low as compared to the cost of construction of inundation canals from the rivers. This cost is not affordable to the poor farmers and hence, irrigation by well is preferred and is a cheap means of irrigation.
The water is available for irrigation by wells even during summer season. Many countries are currently facing the problem of water scarcity. Hence the problem of water scarcity due to summer is not an issue in this method of irrigation. Therefore it is a preferred method.
ii. Rain water harvesting is the technique used to store rainwater during the rainy season and then use it in times of need. The main significance of rain water harvesting is the fact that by this method, you can store water for future usage. This water can be used directly or can be used to revitalize the level of ground water making it easily accessible for everyone. When the level of groundwater is maintained, the fertility of soil is also maintained. Harvesting the rainwater also keeps a check on surface runoff and also prevents soil erosion.

Note:
The three main methods of irrigation are drip, surface and sprinkler methods. A minor method that is rarely used is the sub irrigation method. Out of these, surface irrigation is the oldest form of irrigation. The preference of method of irrigation depends upon the type of the crop and also varies according to the soil. Improper irrigation may lead to increased salinity and water logging in fields. The level of ground water may rise, the chances of spreading of water borne disease increases and it may even lead to water pollution.