Question

What is the green revolution? Give any two examples of each of the improved varieties of wheat and rice.

Answer 1

Hint: In traditional farming, food is obtained only in limited quantities. The population is increasing day by day and due to this, there is a need to build shelter. Thus, apparently, the agricultural land area is decreasing. The real challenge faced by developing countries like India is the requirement of enough food supplies to meet the needs of its citizens. Thus, a new technique was needed to be implemented.

Complete answer:
Green revolution came into action in the mid-1960s in India with the main motive to increase the yield of the food supplies from land, keeping the quality of the crops uncompromised.
Thus, the Green revolution is defined as the act of introduction of various new-age agricultural and plant breeding techniques that strategically help the farmers to produce a greater yield of crops with good quality.
This may include seeds prepared artificially in laboratories with the help of GMO techniques. The beneficial genes are introduced into the seeds that produce improved varieties of the plant with greater yield.
Wheat and Rice are the staple foods of India.
Increased yield and improved varieties of wheat and rice were introduced in India.
Examples of improved varieties of wheat: Sonalika and Kalyan Sona.
Examples of improved varieties of rice: Jaya and Ratna.

Note:
The improved varieties of wheat and rice are known as dwarf wheat and dwarf rice respectively.
The gene responsible for dwarfing wheat is norin-10, and this gene was developed in Japan.
The gene responsible for dwarfing rice, dee-geo-woo-gen, was reported in Taiwan.
The examples listed above are solely developed in India. The original improved varieties of rice that were imported from IRRI, Philippines were IR-8, IR-24.
SImilarly, the originally imported varieties of wheat were Sonora-64 and Lerma Rojo-64.