Explain the types of outbreeding processes employed to improve desirable quantities of animals.
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Hint: The breeding process which occurs between different animal species to obtain the improved variety organism.
Complete answer:
Outbreeding is the process of breeding of unrelated animals belonging to the same species but is from different breeds or the breeding between two genetically distant groups or populations to obtain offspring. There are three types of outbreeding processes which help in improving the desirable qualities of animals, they are:
1. Outcrossing – it is the process of breeding or crossing between two different breeds that do not have any common ancestors. This is down to produce unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It decreases the rate of genetic disorders by increasing genetic diversity or genetic variation.
2. Crossbreeding – is the process of breeding the two different breeds or populations. This process is used to create offspring which contain the desirable traits of both the parents and produce hybrid vigor in the offspring. It is used to maintain the health and viability of the organisms.
3. Interspecific breeding – it is the process of breeding the two organisms belonging to the different breeds, varieties, species, or even genera via sexual reproduction. This process is used to produce offspring which have characteristics of both the parents and they generally result in sterile offspring.
Note: The opposite of outbreeding is the process of inbreeding. Inbreeding is the production of progenies by the process of breeding closely related organisms, most commonly in the case of humans. This may lead to the occurrence of genetic disorders that may arise due to the expression of recessive traits resulting from sexual reproduction between close relatives.
Complete answer:
Outbreeding is the process of breeding of unrelated animals belonging to the same species but is from different breeds or the breeding between two genetically distant groups or populations to obtain offspring. There are three types of outbreeding processes which help in improving the desirable qualities of animals, they are:
1. Outcrossing – it is the process of breeding or crossing between two different breeds that do not have any common ancestors. This is down to produce unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It decreases the rate of genetic disorders by increasing genetic diversity or genetic variation.
2. Crossbreeding – is the process of breeding the two different breeds or populations. This process is used to create offspring which contain the desirable traits of both the parents and produce hybrid vigor in the offspring. It is used to maintain the health and viability of the organisms.
3. Interspecific breeding – it is the process of breeding the two organisms belonging to the different breeds, varieties, species, or even genera via sexual reproduction. This process is used to produce offspring which have characteristics of both the parents and they generally result in sterile offspring.
Note: The opposite of outbreeding is the process of inbreeding. Inbreeding is the production of progenies by the process of breeding closely related organisms, most commonly in the case of humans. This may lead to the occurrence of genetic disorders that may arise due to the expression of recessive traits resulting from sexual reproduction between close relatives.