Question

Explain the role of FSH and LH.

Answer 1

Hint:Luteinizing hormone ( LH) is an essential hormone developed by both men and women. This hormone is known as gonadotropin and stimulates the sex organs of both men and women.The blood test for follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH) tests the amount of FSH in the blood. FSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is located on the underside of the brain.

Complete answer:
>Gonadotropins are called luteinizing hormones (LH ) and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) because they activate gonads-in males, in the testes, and in females, in the ovaries.
>They are not required for life, but important for reproduction. These two hormones are secreted from the cells of the anterior pituitary called gonadotrophs. Most gonadotrophs secrete either LH or FSH, but some seem to secrete both hormones.
>The large glycoproteins made up of alpha and beta subunits are LH and FSH. The alpha subunit is similar in all three of these anterior pituitary hormones, while the beta subunit is distinct and gives each hormone the ability to bind its own receptor.
>LH induces the secretion of sex steroids from gonads in both sexes. In the testes, LH binds to Leydig cell receptors, inducing the synthesis and secretion of testosterone.
>Ovarian cells respond to LH stimulation by secreting testosterone, which is converted into oestrogen by neighbouring granulosa cells. In females, ovulation of mature ovary follicles is caused by a large burst of >LH secretion known as preovulatory LH.
>Residual cells In ovulated follicles, proliferate to form the lutea of the body, which secretes the steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol.
>Progesterone is necessary for pregnancy maintenance, and LH is essential for the continued development and functioning of corpora lutea in most mammals.
>The name of the luteinizing hormone derives from this consequence of inducing ovarian follicle luteinization.
>As its name suggests, FSH promotes the maturation of ovarian follicles. 'Superovulation' or the development of more than the average number of mature follicles is caused by the administration of FSH to humans and animals and thus an increase in the number of mature gametes.
>FSH is also important to sperm production. It supports the role of Sertoli cells, which in turn support several aspects of sperm cell maturation.
>The major regulator of LH and FSH secretion is the hormone releasing gonadotropin (GnRH, also known as the hormone releasing LH). GnRH is a 10 amino acid peptide that binds to gonadotrophic receptors and is synthesised and secreted from hypothalamic neurons.

Note:Physiological effects of gonadotropins are identified only in the ovaries and testes. Together, it controls many forms of gonadal activity in both males and females.