Question

Explain grafting method.

Answer 1

Hint: It is a technique where two closely related plants are used in order to produce a new plant which has all the desired and combined traits of both the parent plants.

Complete answer:
Grafting is a horticulture technique which is used to join parts of two related plants which are referred to as stock and scion so that they appear to grow as a single plant. There is a union of scion stems over the stock plant which means the upper part is scion that grows over the rootstock of another plant.
The stock Is wild, natural, vigorous, healthy, disease free and it has a well-developed rooting system, for example, Wild mango whereas the scion is high quality, superior variety which possesses commercially desirable characters, for example, Alphonso Mango. This technique is used in a variety of plants, for instance, roses, apples, avocado, etc.
Characteristics of stock and scion are never mixed in flowers and fruits and the exhibited plant characters should always belong to scion. Grafting is a asexual or vegetative method of propagation due to which the new plant that grows from the scion will be exactly like the plant it came from.
There is a union of internal tissues and internal tissues are called cambium so there is union of cambium in both plants which makes grafting successful.
Roots and central main stem belong to stock while all the growing branches, leaves, flowers and fruits belong to the scion and when this union happens then both stock and scion grow together as a single entry.
There are 6 types of grafting depending upon size and position of scion stem and the type of cut is made on the stock & scion which are:
-Approach grafting
-Side grafting
-Splice grafting
-Saddle grafting
-Flat grafting
-Cleft grafting
All these types are show in the diagram given below-

Note: This technique is the fastest way of growing popular and desired varieties of fruiting trees and flowering shrubs on a large scale where there is union of two closely related plants in order to produce a new plant. In this technique, scion grows over stock or rootstock of other plants. One plant is selected for its roots and another plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, etc.