Question

How does the karyotype of a human female differ from that of a human male?

Answer 1

Hint: The entire compilation of all the chromosomes that are present in a human body is known as the karyotype of the human.

Complete answer:
1)Both human males and females are diploid organisms that have two sets of chromosomes and both human males and females show 46 chromosomes or we can say23 pairs of chromosomes.
2)Human males and females both have two types of chromosomes that are autosomes and sex chromosomes. There are 22 pairs of autosomes or 44 autosomes but the last pair of chromosomes is known as the sex chromosomes and they are different in human males and females.
3)The sex chromosomes also exist in a pair and the human male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome whereas a human female has two X chromosomes.
4)These sex chromosomes are responsible for determining the gender of the offspring. An embryo always receives an X chromosome from the mother because a mother has only two X chromosomes whereas the embryo can receive either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome from the father. Now if the embryo receives an X chromosome from the father as well, then the offspring will be a female whereas if the embryo receives a Y chromosome from the father then the offspring will be a male child.

Note: Karyotyping is a process by which images of chromosomes can be obtained and these images are very useful to determine any chromosomal disorder if present in the body. For example, Turner syndrome can also be determined by karyotyping. If the image of the chromosome shows only 45 chromosomes instead of 46 chromosomes due to the absence of one X chromosome in a female, then this disorder is known as Turner's syndrome.