Question

How can you distinguish the compound

and

by a simple chemical test?

Answer 1

Hint: We must remember that organic analysis is important for qualification. In that organic analysis first we focused on the aromatic or non-aromatic compound. If it is aromatic, further study based on that weather benzenoid or non-benzenoid compound. If it is non-aromatic, further study goes to the acyclic or aliphatic compounds. Every compound functional analysis is very important.

Complete answer:
We also remember that the carbonyl is one of the classification of the organic analysis. In the carbonyl group further classified as aldehyde and ketone. The aldehyde and ketone group are separated by Tollens reagent or mirror test. If aldehyde present in the given compound means carbonyl test and Tollens reagent test both are positive results. If it is ketone means the carbonyl test will have a positive result but the mirror test will be negative.
In ketone further classified as methyl and non-methyl ketone. This methyl ketone is identified by Iodoform test.
The compound is treated with sodium hydroxide and in presence of iodine molecules. It reacts with compounds and forms Iodoform as one of the products. This iodoform is detected by the yellow precipitate that will form in the product.
If it is non-methyl ketone means Iodoform will not form and no yellow precipitate is formed.

This give positive result because it has a methyl group ketone.

This gives a negative result because it doesn’t have methyl group ketone.

Iodoform is best test for distinguish

and

.

Note:
The IUPAC name of the given compounds are given below. The IUPAC name of

is butanone. The IUPAC name of

is pentan-3-one. The number three represents the position of the functional group in the molecule.
The functional group present in the molecule means it is ended with that means the suffix of the name will be one. Depending on the functional group present in the molecule the suffix of the name will be changed. If more than one functional group present in the molecule depends on the priority of the functional group in the molecule.