Question

Distinguish between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.

Answer 1

Hint: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes a high blood sugar level. The main cause of diabetes involves the absence or insufficient production of insulin or the inability of the body to use insulin.
Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin to control the amount of glucose, or sugar, in blood. However, Diabetes insipidus is a disorder that causes an imbalance of fluids in the body.

Complete answer
Difference between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus-

Diabetes insipidus	Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus is caused due to defects in the brain’s hypothalamus.	Diabetes mellitus is caused due to defects in the pancreas.
It occurs due to a deficiency in the antidiuretic hormone.	It occurs due to a deficiency in insulin hormone.
The blood glucose level is normal in this disorder.	There is a rise in blood glucose level called hyperglycemia.
In this disorder ketone bodies are absent in blood and urine	In this disorder ketone bodies are present in blood and urine.
Blood cholesterol is normal.	There is an increase in blood cholesterol.
In this condition, the kidney produces an abnormally large volume of dilute and odorless urine.	In diabetes mellitus, there is no change in concentration and odor of urine.
It happens to 3 persons in 100,000.	It happens to 770 persons in 100,000
The symptoms of this disorder are urination and thrust with the headache.	The symptoms include high blood sugar, increased thrust, and hunger, etc.

Note:
- Desmopressin is a man-made hormone that is used to treat diabetes insipidus that replaces the missing ADH hormone and decreases urination.
- The pancreas is an organ that performs both function endocrine as well as exocrine.