Question

What is the dipolar moment of nitrogen trichloride?

Answer 1

Hint: The separation of charge is known as dipole moment. It can occur between any two ions in ionic bonds and between any two atoms in covalent bonds. The dipole moment is denoted by $ \mu $ , the formula is: $ \mu = Q \times r $ where $ Q $ is separated charge $ r $ is distance between them.

Complete answer:
As we know, nitrogen trichloride, that is $ NC{l_3} $ , has three chlorine atoms and one nitrogen atom. The central atom would be nitrogen surrounded by one lone pair close to nitrogen and every chlorine atom has three lone pairs of electrons.
The lone pair gives it trigonal pyramidal geometry. The four electrons domain provides it with tetrahedral electron geometry. Nitrogen and chlorine have almost the same electronegativities. The bond is almost no-polar due to the very little electronegativity difference between nitrogen and hydrogen. The lone pair of Nitrogen gives a dipole moment to it. It has $ s{p^3} $ hybridization which gives dipole moment of $ 0.9D $

Note:
Dipole moment helps us to predict the nature of molecules. It is the measure of net molecular polarity. If we have $ 0 $ dipole moment the molecule is nonpolar and the molecules with certain dipole moment values are polar in nature.