Question

Describe the various parts of the human nervous system? What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Hint: In humans, the nervous system, along with the endocrine system, regulates the other systems of the body and coordinates body functions. It is a complex network of specialized nerve cells called neurons. It coordinates the activities of all including the simplest of animals too.

Complete answer:
Let us start by knowing about the nervous system. The human nervous system is made up of two subsystems, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The central nervous system is formed from the complex brain and the tubular spinal cord. The main function being a central control is to unify all the information that is coming along and get the appropriate response for it.
All the nerve pathways that are present except in the brain and spinal cord constitute the Peripheral nervous system. These nerve pathways are further differentiated into – afferent or sensory pathways, that provide information to the CNS and the other is the efferent or motor pathway, that transfers commands from the CNS.
Following are the functions that are performed by the nervous system -
Receiving sensory input from the internal and external environment by nerves to the brain.
Processing the input information by a central processor, the brain.
To determine the response of the body parts or cells, a response is provided to the stimuli of the transmitting motor command from the brain.

Note
The brain and spinal cord makes the CNS, whereas the other parts of the nervous system makes the PNS.
When the Neurons are assembled into groups within the CNS, these are known as nuclei.
Neurons that are assembled in PNS are known as ganglia.