Question

Describe the process of protein synthesis in translation.

Answer 1

Hint: Proteins are organic compounds that are made of one or more than one chain of amino acids, or we can say the polymers of amino acids. The amino acids in proteins are linked with each other by a peptide bond. Proteins are basic, principal components of all the cells. One the basis of their nature they can be acidic, basic, and neutral.

Complete Answer:
The translation is the actual synthesis of a polypeptide after the translation process. Translation occurs under the direction of mRNA on Ribosome in the cytoplasm. That is why ribosomes are also known as the protein-factory of the cells. The translation is the process that takes the information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds.

The basic three steps of the translation are initiation, elongation, and termination.
(I) Initiation- when the ribosomes attach at a specific site of the mRNA. The ribosome starts matching tRNA anticodon sequences to the mRNA codon sequence.
(II) Elongation. – the peptide bonds join the amino acids together in sequence to form a polypeptide chain
(III) Termination. - The ribosome continues until it hits a stop sequence, then it releases the polypeptide and the mRNA.

The polypeptide forms into its native shape and starts acting as a functional protein in the cell.

Note: Replication (copying of DNA), transcription (DNA to RNA), and translation are the three phases in the journey of DNA to protein.