Question

Correct sequence of different stages of development is
(a) Fruiting $\rightarrow$ Flowering $\rightarrow$ Juvenility $\rightarrow$ Germination
(b) Germination $\rightarrow$ Juvenility $\rightarrow$Flowering $\rightarrow$ Fruiting
(c) Flowering $\rightarrow$ Fruiting $\rightarrow$ Juvenility $\rightarrow$ Germination
(d) Juvenility $\rightarrow$ Flowering $\rightarrow$ Fruiting $\rightarrow$ Germination

Answer 1

Hint: Development of a plant includes all the events in the life cycle of that plant beginning from seed to growing into a full plant and then finally senescence (death) . All these events occur in a sequence one after another in every plant.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
The development of a plant begins from the time its seed germinates in the soil. This is followed by growth and mitosis by which the plant increases in size. This phase is known as juvenility. The juvenile phase lasts until the sexual organs of the plant i.e. flowers become mature. The next phase is the flowering phase. Here the flowers bloom and pollination takes place which leads to fertilization of the egg. Fertilized egg and ovary form seeds and fruit respectively. The seeds from the fruits germinate when suitable conditions are provided thus, repeating the cycle again.
So, the correct option is ‘Germination $\rightarrow$ Juvenility $\rightarrow$Flowering $\rightarrow$ Fruiting’.

Additional information:
The growth and development of plants are regulated by plant hormones known as plant growth regulators. There are 5 plant hormones:
- Auxin: It causes bending of shoots towards sunlight. Example- Indole- 3- acetic acid.
- Cytokinin: It causes cytokinesis i.e., cell division.
- Gibberellin: It causes internode elongation and is used to increase sugar content in sugarcane.
- Abscisic acid: It is also known as stress hormone as it inhibits all functions (dormancy) during stressful conditions.
- Ethylene: It causes the maturation of fruits. Example: Ethephon

Note: Auxin was first isolated from the urine of humans. Excessive production of auxin in shoot tips causes apical dominance. Cytokinin was first extracted from the sperm DNA of autoclaved herring. There are 100 gibberellins available and the first one was extracted from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi.