Question

Compare the heats of combustion of the following compounds:

Answer 1

Hint: We know that enthalpy is otherwise known as heat of combustion. We know that in chemical reaction, new bonds are formed and old bonds are broken. For breaking of old bonds, some energy is needed. There must be some quantity of energy present in molecules of reactant to state reaction. In the combustion reaction, the heat generation is because the energy required for old bond breaking is lower when compared to energy needed by new bond formation.

Complete answer:
We need to remember that the exothermic reactions are those reactions where heat is given off when one mole of substance is combusted and the heat is known as heat of combustion. Heat of combustion varies for saturated hydrocarbons and is obtained with rise in the number of atoms of carbons and increase in combustion of heat. This is because of more carbons present for burning and the higher number of bonds which goes through changes.
When oxygen and hydrocarbons are in the form of gases, the combustion reaction gets enabled. A bigger molecule has extra van der Waals attraction which makes it difficult for them to break off from adjacent neighbors and turn them to gas.
When the number of carbon atoms is more, the heat of combustion is also more which means higher number of carbon atoms and heat of combustion are directly proportional to one another.
The total number of atoms of carbon in structure (i) is five.
The total number of atoms of carbon in structure (ii) is six.
The total number of atoms of carbon in structure (iii) is four.
The structure (ii) would have the highest heat of combustion and structure (iii) would have lowest heat of combustion.

Note:
We have to know that primary hydrogen, secondary hydrogen, and tertiary hydrogen are also used to predict the heat of combustion. The carbon which is bonded to primary hydrogen is stronger than carbon which is bonded to secondary hydrogen and carbon which is bonded to tertiary hydrogen. When the number of primary hydrogen is higher, the heat of combustion would be more. Properties like angle strain are considered, when the number of hydrogen is similar.