Question

Both sickle cell anemia and Huntington’s disease are
A. Virus related diseases
B. Bacteria related diseases
C. Congenital disorders
D. Pollutant induced disorders

Answer 1

Hint:- Sickle cell anemia is a sickle cell disease in which there is a lack of healthy red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body whereas Huntington’s disease is a disorder of the brain which is caused due to a defect in a gene of chromosome number 4.

Complete Answer:-In sickle cell anemia, the shape of the red blood cells changes from round to crescent or sickle shape. The change in shape causes less oxygen to be carried in these cells throughout the body. Also, these cells get stuck in the small blood vessels, thus both reasons lead to a lesser flow of the blood and lesser transport of oxygen to different parts of the body. It is a defect present from birth and cannot be cured completely.
On the other hand, Huntington’s disease is a dominant defect which means it can be caused even with a single allele. So, if a person inherits it from any one of the parents, the disease will be developed. The gene which is defective in this disease codes a blueprint from huntingtin protein whose defective form causes the disease. It leads to abnormal involuntary movements, lesser thinking ability, depression, irritability, etc.
Both sickle cell anemia and Huntington’s disease are present from birth and thus are birth defects, which is also known as congenital disorders.

So the correct option is (C) Congenital disorders.

Note:- Congenital disorders are persistent throughout the life of a person and cause various disabilities that could be physical, developmental, or intellectual. The reason for the development of congenital disorders could be genetic (chromosomal), exposure to any chemical, any medication, or even infections during the pregnancy.