Question

What are the types of recombination?

Answer 1

Hint: Recombination is the production of new DNA molecule by exchanging the genetic information between two chromosomes and between two parts of the same chromosomes or it is occur during meiosis when both the parent genes are regrouped within the formation of sex cells. This can be done artificially by the process of gene splicing.

Complete answer:
Recombination is mainly of four types –
Homologous recombination – Between two homologous chromosomes the part of the chromosome exchanged during the process meiosis.
Non-homologous recombination – Between dissimilar chromosomes the exchange of genetic information takes place.
Site-specific recombination – DNA is cut from a specific site by the help of restriction enzymes and the new piece of DNA is inserted, through Recombinant DNA Technology.
Replicative recombination – At a new site in the same chromosome, a copy of a transposable element is formed.
Other types of recombination are –
Mitotic recombination – During the prophase of mitosis the crossing-over between homologous pairs occurs. The frequency level is much lower than meiosis. Example- fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, yeast, etc.
Gene gun recombination – A gene gun delivers the DNA solution to penetrate the target organism genome with a sufficient force.
Virus replication recombination – It replicates by invading a host cell and producing hundreds of copies of viral DNA. The cell does not recognize their own DNA.
Electric pulse recombination – The foreign DNA introduced in the cells of the plants. By the use of electric pulses they make plasma membranes permeable to plasmid DNA molecules.

Note-
Recombination can occur naturally or can be artificially. They can be passed onto the next generation. Recon is called the unit of recombination which is used to measure the DNA that is capable of performing recombination and crossing overs.