Question

What are the hormones of the heart, kidney, and G.I.tract? What are their functions?

Answer 1

Hint: Hormones are our body's chemical messengers. They travel in our bloodstream to our tissues and organs. They affect many different processes including Growth, development, mood, heart rate, and Metabolism. Hormones are mainly secreted by our Endocrine glands but there are some hormones that are not secreted by the Endocrine glands rather they are secreted by our Heart, Kidney, and Gastrointestinal Tract.

Complete step by step answer:
The hormones of the Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract (G.I. tract) are:
1) Heart/Atrium: The Atrial wall of the human heart produces an important peptide hormone called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which reduces blood pressure. When the blood pressure is enhanced, some special cells secrete ANF, which produces vasodilatory actions on the blood pressure. The blood vessels are dilated and as a result of which blood pressure declines.
2) Kidney: Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete a peptide hormone called erythropoietin which stimulates erythropoiesis (formation of RBCs of blood).
3) GI Tract: The endocrine cells found in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) secrete four peptide hormones i.e. cholecystokinin (CCK), Gastrin, secretin, and Gastric inhibitory peptide or GIP.
      (a) Gastrin: It acts on the Gastric glands. It stimulates the secretion of HCl (hydrochloric acid) and pepsinogen.
      (b) Secretin: It acts upon the Exocrine Pancreas. It stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate ions and water.
      (c) CCK: It acts on both the pancreas and the gallbladder. It stimulates the secretion of bile juice and pancreatic enzymes.
      (d) GIP: It suppresses our gastric secretion and motility.

Note: Nowadays with the advancement of technology in medical science hormones are being produced synthetically/artificially to induce specific effects in the human body. They are used as a treatment for people whose own hormones are low or unbalanced. Synthetic oestrogen and progesterone are made using urine from pregnant mares and are taken as steroids.