Question

What are the First and Second Law of thermodynamics?

Answer 1

Hint:Thermodynamics is concerned with the ideas of heat and temperature, as well as the exchange of heat and other forms of energy. The behavior of these values is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics, which provide a quantitative description. The word thermodynamics was coined by William Thomson in \[1749\]. The term "thermodynamics" is derived from the Greek terms "thermes" and "dynamikos," which respectively mean "heat" and "power." Here we are going to discuss the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

Complete step by step solution:
The first law of thermodynamics:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, according to the first law of thermodynamics, often known as the Law of Conservation of Energy. Energy can only be transferred or converted from one form to another. Turning on a light, for example, appears to produce energy, but it is actually electrical energy that is converted.
Any change in the internal energy \[\left( E \right)\] of a system is given by the total of the heat \[\left( Q \right)\] that flows across its boundaries and the work \[\left( W \right)\] done on the system by the surroundings, according to the first law of thermodynamics:
$\Delta E = Q - W$
According to this law, two types of processes, heat, and work, can cause a change in a system's internal energy. Because both heat and work can be measured and quantified, each change in a system's energy must be accompanied by a comparable change in the energy of the environment outside the system. To put it another way, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. When heat enters a system or the environment exerts a force on it, the internal energy rises, and the signs of q and w become positive. Heat flows out of the system or work done by the system (on the surroundings), on the other hand, will deplete internal energy, causing \[\left( Q \right)\] and \[\left( W \right)\] to be negative.
The second law of thermodynamics:
According to the second rule of thermodynamics, the entropy of every isolated system increases over time. Isolated systems grow towards thermal equilibrium, which is the system's state of maximum entropy. To put it another way, the entropy of the cosmos (the ultimate isolated system) is always increasing and never decreasing.
The second law of thermodynamics might be thought of as follows: if a room is not cleaned and tidied, it will necessarily become messier and more disorderly over time, regardless of how cautious one is to keep it clean. The entropy in the room drops when it is cleaned, but the effort to clean it has led to a rise in entropy outside the room that is more than the entropy lost.

Additional information:
Thermodynamics is a discipline of physics that studies heat, work, and temperature, as well as their relationships with energy, radiation, and matter physical properties.
It discusses how thermal energy is transformed to or from other forms of energy, as well as how this process affects matter. The energy derived from heat is known as thermal energy. The movement of microscopic particles within an object generates heat. The higher the speed of these particles, the more heat is generated.
Thermodynamics is concerned with the starting and final states of a system changing, rather than how and at what rate these energy changes are carried out. It's also worth noting that thermodynamics is a macroscopic field of study. This means it is concerned with the bulk system rather than the molecular structure of stuff.

Note:A thermodynamic system is a part of matter with a defined boundary on which we concentrate our attention. The system boundary might be fixed or flexible, and it can be real or imaginary.
There are three different kinds of systems:
Separated System - A system that is isolated from its surroundings is unable to exchange both energy and mass. The universe is thought to be a self-contained system.
Closed System - The flow of energy occurs across the closed system's boundary, but the transfer of mass does not. Closed systems include refrigerators and gas compression in piston-cylinder assemblies.
Open System - Mass and energy can both be moved between the system and its surroundings in an open system. An open system is a steam turbine, for example.