Question

What are some examples of deletion mutations?

Answer 1

Hint: Mutation can be defined as a sudden and inheritable change in one or more genes or in the number of chromosomes or structure of chromosomes. It disrupts the normal genetic coding that eventually leads to genetic abnormalities in the individuals.

Complete answer:
No absolute reason as such is known by scientists for deletion mutation. However, one of the attempts made to explain the reason behind deletion mutation claims that this happens probably due to slipping of DNA synthesizing enzymes to template DNA strand as a result of which nucleotide is unable to acquire its position. Thus, deletion mutation takes place.
Examples of deletion mutation are as follows:
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited fatal disease that involves disruptions of the digestive system and lungs. In this disease, cells producing mucus, sweat or digestive juices are affected. Under influence of this disease, these fluids become thick and sticky causing blockage of ducts and passageways.
Male infertility is a medical condition which involves males inability to contribute to the reproduction process. It can happen either due to deletion mutation or due to some other reasons as well. However, in case of deletion mutation, alteration of Y chromosome takes place that causes infertility in male.
Muscular dystrophy is a kind of genetic disease that involves deletion of dystrophin genes. This gene is an X-linked trait which is very important for maintenance of muscles. However, deletion of this gene causes weak and light weight muscles.

Note:
Deletion mutation is a situation in which a nucleotide or an entire sequence of a nucleotide gets deleted while replication of DNA. It is a kind of natural mistake that can lead to serious medical issues. Scientists believe that the enzyme polymerase should attach the template DNA nucleotide in its active site so that replication of DNA can take place.