Question

How are hydrogen bonds different from covalent and ionic bonds?

Answer 1

Hint: The bond between the atoms in a molecule is going to depend on the properties of the atoms like electronegativity value, polarity and solubility etc. The formed bond decides the total nature of the compound.

Complete answer:
- In the question it is asked how the hydrogen bond is different from covalent and ionic bonds.
- In ionic compounds the formation of the bond is due to transfer of electrons between the atoms present in the compound.
- The transfer of electrons is due to the difference between the electronegativity values of the atoms in the particular ionic compound.
- The ions in ionic bonds are so close to each other and make the ionic attractions so strong.
- Ionic bonds are intramolecular bonds meaning in the molecule itself they are present.
- Coming to covalent compounds, the covalent bonds between the atoms are going to form by the sharing of electrons between the atoms in the molecule.
- The sharing of electrons occurs in covalent compounds because the atoms have equal or nearly same electronegativity values.
- The covalent bonds are intramolecular bonds means in the molecule itself they are present
- Coming to hydrogen bonds, they are also called as intermolecular bonds.
- Hydrogen bond is going to form between the molecules containing oxygen, nitrogen to a positive charge hydrogen in another molecule.
- Water molecules are the best example for hydrogen bonding.
- Therefore, Hydrogen bonds are relatively weaker in nature when compared to ionic and covalent compounds.

Note: If the bond exists in between different molecules then it is called intermolecular bonding and if the bond exists itself in the same molecule then it is called intramolecular bonding. Example for intermolecular bonding is water and example for intramolecular forces is ammonia.