Question

How is the amplification of gene samples of interest carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Answer 1

Hint: Firstly, PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. Gene sample of interest is the process in which multiple copies of the gene or segment of DNA of interest are synthesised in vitro using primers and DNA polymerase. It involves three basic steps that are denaturation, annealing and extension (polymerisation).

Complete answer:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is broadly used to quickly make copies from millions to billions of a specific DNA sample in an effective manner. This allows scientists to take a very small sample of DNA and amplify it to a large enough amount and make them study it in detail. It is elementary too much of genetic testing including analysis of ancient samples of DNA and identification of infectious agents.
The major part of PCR methods rely on thermal cycling. Thermal cycling exposes reactants to repeated cycles of heating and cooling to permit different temperature and dependent reactions. Specifically, DNA melting and enzyme, the driven DNA replication. PCR employs two main reagents. First are primers, which are short single strand DNA fragments known as oligonucleotides that are a complementary sequence to the target DNA region and a DNA polymerase. In the first step of PCR, the two strands of the DNA double helix using high temperature get physically separated, and this process is called nucleic acid denaturation. In the second step, the primers bind to the complementary sequences of DNA and the temperature is lowered here. Then, the two DNA strands become templates for DNA polymerase to enzymatically assemble a new DNA strand from free nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

Note:
PCR was invented in \[1984\] by the American biochemistry Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation. The amplification of the gene of interest is carried out with two sets of primers and a thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme Taq polymerase, this process is called Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The two sets of primers are added which bind to the appropriate complementary segment of DNA strand at \[540C\]. PCR is now an ordinary and often indispensable technique. Using PCR, copies of very small amounts of DNA sequences are exponentially amplified in a series of cycles of temperature changes.