Question

All types of successions leads to.
A. Xeric climax community
B. Hydric climax community
C. Mesic climax community
D. Any climax community depending on the nature of the habitat

Answer 1

Hint: The environmental processes are dynamic, they keep on working so as to maintain a gradual stable climate and equilibrium.

Complete answer:
All successions, either hydrarch, xerarch, or any other successions result in mesic water condition– neither too dry (xeric) nor too wet (hydric).
The periodic change in the species composition, structure, and architecture of the given area is known as ecological succession. Orderly and sequential change that finally leads to a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment is called a climax community. Based on the nature of the habitat-
> If succession takes place in wetter areas and the successive series progress from hydric to the mesic conditions is called hydrarch succession.
> Similarly, if succession takes place in dry areas and the series progresses from xeric to mesic conditions is called xerarch succession.
The ecological succession is mainly of two types- Primary succession which starts where no organism is present. For example, bare rocks or cooled volcanoes, While secondary succession occurs in the area where the living organisms were lost due to certain reasons like a forest fire or earthquake, etc.

So, the correct answer is- ‘Mesic climax community’.

Note: In any succession, the species that invade a bare area are called pioneer species.
> During primary succession on rocks, the pioneer species are lichens. They are able to secrete acids to dissolve rock thus helping in weathering and soil formation and the little soil leads to the growth of bryophytes. With time these bryophytes are replaced by bigger plants, and ultimately a stable v forest community is formed and ultimately the xerophytic habitat gets converted into a mesophytic one.
> Similarly in hydra succession, the pioneers are the small phytoplanktons that are replaced with time by free-floating angiosperms which are later replaced by rooted hydrophytes, sedges, grasses and finally the trees. The climax again would lead to the forest and with time the water body is converted into the land.