Question

Agamospermy includes
A) Adventives polyembryony
B) Recurrent apomixis
C) Non Recurrent apomixis
D) All the above

Answer 1

Hint: The plants undergo sexual reproduction through fusion of male and female gametes for the formation of embryos, but in many cases the seeds are produced without fertilization or we can say without fusion of gametes that means sexually.

Complete Answer:
- The apomixes was first defined by Hans Winklers, it is a phenomenon used in replacement of normal sexual reproduction through asexual reproduction that means reproduction without undergoing fertilization.
- To understand this let's take an example of apomictic parthenogenesis. It is the process in which the egg cells are formed by mitosis and then it develops directly into embryo without fertilization.
- Now, the apomixes is also named as agamospermy, in this process the propagation of plants takes place through the apomictic seeds that are also called asexual seeds. In this process of apomixis, the seeds are produced without undergoing syngamy that is gamete fusion. In other words, we can also say that the embryo is formed inside the seed coat without syngamy.

The agamospermy is divided into three types; adventives polyembryony, recurrent apomixis, and non-recurrent apomixis.
A) The adventure polyembryony is the formation of one or more embryos in a single seed. Due to the sporophytic budding there is an extra embryo formation that takes place in the adventive polyembryony process.
B) The recurrent apomixis includes diplospory and apospory. An unreduced embryo sac is formed due to the mitotic division of nucella cells in the apospory while in diplospory an unreduced megaspore cells division takes place mitotically in place of meiosis to form diploid embryo sac.
C) In the non-recurrent apomixis the development of embryos directly from the egg cells without fertilization because of this the embryo is haploid in nature.

Thus, the correct answer is ‘D’. All of the above.

Note: Remember there is a slight difference between the agamogenesis, apomixis, and apospory. Agamogenesis is type of asexual reproduction in which new individual is formed directly by the parent without the fusion of gametes, the apomixis is the technical term of asexual reproduction used for plants, and apospory is the gametophytic development directly from diploid sporopyte without any fusion.