Question

A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of
(A) Fats
(B) Amino acids
(C) Glucose
(D) Ketones

Answer 1

Hint: Food is the most vital thing for the survival of all the organisms. The condition of without taking food is fasting. It is beneficial to the body to burn fat for only a short period of time. But it causes ill effects when the fasting is taken for a prolonged duration.

Complete answer:
It is known that, after the ingestion of the food, it is converted into the glucose, proteins, fats and the other nutrients. If the instant energy is enquired, the glucose immediately taken by the cells in the process of respiration and the energy is released. In the condition for prolonged fasting, there will be no glucose available to the cells, but there is a constant work done by all the cells, internal organs and also externally.

So the body makes use of the excess glucose that is stored in the liver, adipose tissue in the form of glycogen and the fat is made used. The fat when burned to the energy, it releases many ketones in the blood and so urine. This process of producing energy by the fats is fat acid catabolism. Hence a large amount of the ketone gets eliminated in the urine causing ketonuria.

Hence the correct answer is OPTION(D)

Note: Insulin is the hormone that maintains the proper blood sugar level in the blood. When there is excess sugar in the body, it converts it into glycogen and the fats and stores them in the liver, adipose tissues in the muscles etc. When there is no glucose in the body, these glycogen gets converted into glucose by the glucagon.