Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for Political Science Chapter 5: Challenges Faced by Indian Democracy

Choose the Correct Option from the Given Options and Complete the Sentences.

1. In a democracy ............ participate in elections and get political power.

1. Political parties 

2. Courts

3. Social organizations

4. None of the above

Ans: The correct answer is A. Political parties. 

Political parties compete in elections to gain political power in democracies.

2. The major challenge faced by all democratic nations in the world is .............

1. Religious conflicts

2. Naxal activities

3. Deepening the roots of democracy

4. Importance of muscle power

Ans: The correct answer is A. Religious conflicts. 

Religious conflicts are the main difficulty that all democracies in the world must overcome.

State Whether the Following Statements are True or False. Give Reasons for Your Answer.

1. Alertness is required to sustain democracy.

Ans:  The statement is true.

Democracy must be maintained by being alert against malpractices in politics and corruption. 

2. Importance of the problems of farmers and tribals has increased in the left extremist movement.

Ans:  The statement is true.

The importance of farmers' and tribal peoples' issues has dramatically decreased in the radical left movement. However, to oppose government policies and to attack the police force there is the use of violent measures. 

3. People may lose confidence in the democratic process due to corruption during elections.

Ans:  The statement is true.

Election corruption is one of the reasons that may cause people to lose faith in the democratic system because of distrust among people.

Explain the Concept.

1. Left-extremism

Ans:  Naxalism and left-wing extremism are significant issues in India. 

• To end injustice against tribal people and landless farmers, Naxalism emerged as a movement. 

• However, Naxalism today is a violent conflict. The Naxalite movement has downplayed the significance of peasant and tribal issues. 

• Instead, the Naxalite groups utilize violent methods to criticize the government's policies, including attacking police officers and other such strategies.

2. Corruption

Ans: According to reports, India's public sector has an extremely high level of corruption.

• Corruption at the political and administrative levels hinders the government's ability to function. 

• People begin to dislike and disapprove of the entire governmental system as a result of inefficient government operations, subpar public services and facilities, and many financial errors. 

• People's confidence in the democratic process is lowered through electoral corruption, phony voting, voter bribery, voter kidnapping, and other such actions.

Answer the Following Questions in Brief.

1. Which factors are required for the success of democracy in India?

Ans: The following conditions must be met for democracy to succeed in India:

• Economic growth is necessary for the establishment of democracy.

• Election, or the process of choosing representatives, is the cornerstone of democracy.

• Democracy cannot be formed without political freedom and education.

• Another important aspect of democracy is the judiciary.

• Democracy also manifests in the willingness to address the concerns of the populace.

2. What are the effects of the criminalization of politics?

Ans: Another significant issue facing democratic regimes is the growing involvement of criminals in the political process. Political parties may nominate candidates who have a criminal history, are the subject of pending criminal charges, or are under investigation for corruption. This makes money and forces more important in politics. Additionally, this could result in unrest during elections.

3. What efforts are undertaken to bring transparency to the political process?

Ans: 

• The ability of democracy to contribute to excellent and good governance is one of its most significant advantages. 

• The administrative machinery has multiple layers that are fixed in terms of transparency and accountability.

• For instance, transferring government monies directly into the accounts of the needy and the underprivileged is one of the development's most crucial elements. It will significantly raise the social and economic standing of the community.

Can you Tell?

1. In a democracy, to get power, political parties contest elections. But do political parties organize internal elections?

The political parties must hold elections at the organisational level. Are such elections held?

Ans: Not every time internal elections in a political party are held. This creates the problem of lacking democracy within the party itself. This is because of the concentration of power in one or a few leaders at the top. Regular organizational meetings could resolve this problem to some extent. 

Questions in My Mind.

1. China adopted economic reforms and also became a member of the World Trade Organisation. But China continues to have a one-party system. Is China a democratic nation? 

Ans: No, China is not a democratic nation as it has a one-party system. The Chinese Communist Party has all the government powers and no other party or candidate is allowed to stand for elections. The party acts in the interests of the people but the power is centralized. 

2. Which democratic institutions need to be established for transformation from a non-democratic system to a democratic system?

Ans: The democratic institution which is needed to be established for transformation from a non-democratic system to a democratic system is the Judiciary. This is because it is represented by the Supreme Court and it ensures that justice is provided equally to all the citizens of the country.

What Do you Think?

1. Family monopoly in politics is a major problem before democracy in India. A monopoly of just one family in politics reduces democratic space. Common people cannot participate in the public sector. 

Ans: There is no place for family monopoly in politics. Due to the increase in this, the other deserving candidates don't get the opportunity to be the leader and represent the people. Having a monopoly leads to an unequal political system and allows others fewer chances to participate.

Project 

1. What measures will you suggest to control corruption? Make a list of it. 

2. Organize a group discussion in your class on the problem of terrorism in India.

3. Present a street play on ‘how to get rid of addiction?’. 

Ans: 

1) I would suggest the following measures to control corruption:

• Keep the public sector transparent and accountable for everything.

• Make sure that the public sector employees act in the public interest.

• Take legal action against corrupted activities.

• The policies and the set of rules should be kept reviewing from time to time.

• End impunity

2) Do it yourself

3) Do it yourself

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