Question

Write very briefly about Haemophilia.

Answer 1

Hint: Haemophilia is known as “the royal disease,” because it affected the royal families of England, Germany, Russia and Spain in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Queen Victoria of England, is believed to have been the carrier of hemophilia B, or factor IX deficiency.

Complete step by step answer:
-Haemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding.
-This results in people bleeding for a longer time after an injury, easy bruising, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain.
-Bleeding into a joint can result in permanent damage while bleeding in the brain can result in long term headaches, seizures, or a decreased level of consciousness.
-There are two main types of haemophilia: haemophilia A, haemophilia B, haemophilia C, parahemophilia and acquired haemophilia.
-Haemophilia A occurs due to low amounts of clotting factor VIII
- Haemophilia B occurs due to low levels of clotting factor IX. It is typically inherited from one's parents through an X chromosome carrying a nonfunctional gene. Rarely a new mutation may occur during early development or haemophilia may develop later in life due to antibodies forming against a clotting factor. Haemophilia C occurs due to low levels of factor XI. Parahaemophilia occurs due to low levels of factor V.
- Acquired haemophilia is associated with cancers, autoimmune disorders, and pregnancy.
- Diagnosis is by testing the blood for its ability to clot and its levels of clotting factors.

Note:
Treatment and prevention of bleeding episodes is done primarily by replacing the missing blood clotting factors and it is a complicated process.