Question

Write the two types of secondary structures of proteins?

Answer 1

Hint: In proteins, we have primary structure that refers to the sequence of amino acids, whereas the secondary structure of proteins refers to the shape that can be taken up by its polypeptide chain.

Complete answer:In proteins, we have primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures where each one refers to different levels of complexity for example, in primary structure we look at the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chains of the protein. However, in the secondary structure we look at the shape of these chains. Let’s talk about the secondary structure in terms of its two different types namely $\alpha$-helix structure and $\beta$-pleated sheet structure.
Both of these shapes are results of hydrogen bonding. In polypeptide chains, we have carbonyl group $\left(>\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}\right)$ and $$>\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{H}$$ part. As we can see the hydrogen bonding can exist between the electronegative oxygen atom of the carbonyl group and the hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen. Now, the different ways in which this hydrogen bonding takes place give rise to these two types of secondary structures.
In $\alpha$-helix structure, we have a polypeptide chain that has taken the shape of a twisted right handed screw because all possible hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydrogen and oxygen present on the adjacent turns. However, in $\beta$-pleated sheet structure, our polypeptide chains are arranged in a sheet form as they are stretched out and laid side by side. Hydrogen bonding is used to hold them together. The structures are shown below:

Note:The tertiary structure gives us the nature of folding of secondary to give fibrous and globular shapes. The quaternary structure of the protein refers to the relative spatial arrangement of subunits if a protein has any.